Combustion-engine.



C. S. PIESTRAK.

COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 28, 1908.

Patented Nov. 16, 1909.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

COMBUSTION-ENGINE- Specification of Letterl Patent.

Patented Nov. 16, 1909.

Application filed Kay 28, 1908.. Serial No. 435,600.

To all whom it may'concem:

Be it known that I, CASIMIR STANISLAS lmsrmn, a subject of His Majestythe Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residlng at 97 Fleet street, London, E.(1, England, civil engineer, have invented a new and usefulInternal-Combustion Engine, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to internal combustion engines of the type in whichcombustion takes place at constant pressure and in which the air forcombustion is 00111- pressed in a separate air compressor outside of theworking motor or motors, and has for its object the recovery of aportion of the waste or lost heat of such an engine, 2'. e. the heat ofcompression, the heat passing to the cooling fluid in the jackets of thecylinders or motors, and the heat of the exhaust gases.

This invention contemplates the realization of this object by theproduction of intense cold with liquefaction of the air prior tocombustion in the engine cylinders, thereby making possible the heattransference above referred to.

Under the invention either reciprocating compressors and motors, orturbine compressors and motors, or a combination of bothmay be used, theoperation thereof being as follows Air is drawn in and compressed in anair compressor in one or more stages and cooled to a temperature aboutor below that of the atmosphere, and is then used as the working fluidin a compressed air motor which is. insulated to prevent the flow ofheat into the expanding air, and this air in expanding cools itself to atemperature approaching that of the liquefaction point of air.

The pressure to which the air is compressed, the temperature to which itis cooled before entering the compressed air motor and the volume towhich it expands in the compressed air motor are so. proportioned thatthis result is obtained. The cooled air then passes into a temperatureexchan er, wherein the whole or a portion of it isurther cooled andliquefied and the liquid air is then pumped into a receiver or system ofpiping at a pressure rather higher than the initial pressure in theinternal combustion motors. The liquid air is then volatilized at thispressure and heated by passing it through a series of temperatureexchangers, wherein it receives heat from the compressed air, thecompressor jackets, the motor 'ackets' and the exhaust ases, or some 0them. Into the air thus eated is injected fuel which may be in the formof compressed gas, or a spray of liquid, or of coal dust, combustiontaking place spontaneously, or if necessary with the assistance of an iiting mechanism of any suitable known rind, such combustion taking placeeither in an external chamber or inside the motor or motors themselves.The hot gases then operate in the Working motors in the usual manner andexhaust to the atmosphere after parting with a portion of their heat tothe compressed air.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is an elevation showingdiagrammatically the arrangement of a plston engine according to thisinvention. Fig. 2 is a similar view representing a turbine engine ofthis kind.

Referring to the drawings, air is drawn at Ainto the compressor j bywhich it is compressed, and is cooled by the volatilized liquid air in atemperature exchanger k. The compressed and cooled air is stored up in areceiver Z, from which it passes into any suitable and well knownexpansion cylinder m, wherein it expands to about the point ofliquefaction of air and, in actingon the piston m, produces effectivework. On leaving the expansion cylinder m, the air passes to atemperature exchanger 11, which may be of any appropriate or known type,and wherein the whole or aportion of the air is liquefied, and throughwhich it is forced by means of a pump 11.. It is then pumped into thetemperature exchanger it, into the jacket of the compressor j, and intothe cooling jackets of the engine cylinder or cylinders 0, 7), whereinit takes up heat given off by the walls of said cylinders. From theengine jackets the air produced by the volatilize.- tion of the liquidair and now heated enters the chamber t, wherein take place, at the sametime as the transference to the air of heat from the exhaust gases ofthe engine, the mixing of the air with the fuel, and also the combustionof the mixture thus obtained, in the case in which the combustion takesplace outside of the cylinder. From such chamber t the gases ofcombustion pass through a pipe u to the engine cylinders 0, p, {theexhaust of which is connected by a pipe 'v, with the said chamber t,from which the exhaust products escape at E after giving up a portion oftheir heat to the compresse alr.

The engine represented in Fig. 2 is similar to that shown in Fi 1 andoperates m hke manner, with the ifierence that the cylinders y, m, 0, 1pand the pistons working therein are rep aced by turbines 7", m", 0*which constitute respectively the compressing turbine, the expansionturbine, and the motive-power turbine.

While I have described in the foregoing s ecification the constructionof parts essential to the operation of this invention, I am aware thatnumerous changes of construction and o eration may be made withoutdeparting om the spirit and scope of the invention, and I therefore donot wish to understood as limiting myself by the pos1- tive termsemployed in connectlon with the description, excepting such as the stateof the art may require.

I claim:

1. Inan internal combustion engme, the combination of means providedwith a jacket for compressing air; means for cooling'said air to atemperature substantially equal to that of the surrounding atmosphere; acompressed air motor; means for insulating the same against an inflow ofheat; means for conducting said cooled air into said motor,

whereupon said air is caused to do work and to be further cooled; atemperature exchanger a connection between said motor and saidtemperature exchanger; a second temperature exchanger; a connectioncomprising a pump between said temperature exchangers; a connectionbetween said second tem erature exchanger and said jacket by whic saidcom ressing means may be surrounded by cool air; an engine having acylinder and a jacket; a connection between said engine jacket and saidcom ressor jacket; and means by which said air may be mixed with fueland utilized in said engine cylinder, substantially as described.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a jacketed aircompressor; a tem erature exchanger k connected with sai compressor; amotor m connected with said exchanger; a temperature exchanger nconnected with said motor; connections between said exchanger n and thejacket of said compressor; jacketed cylinders o and p connections fromsaid compressor jacket to the jacket of said cylinders; a chamber t;connections between said cylinder jackets and said chamber t, andconnections between said chamber and said cylinders o and p,substantially as described.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of means to liquefyair; a temperature exchanger k; a connection between thesame and saldair liquefying means; en-

e cylinders o and 1) each provided with a acket; connections betweensaid exchan er and the jackets of said cylinders; a chain er 23'connections between said jackets and said chamber; means for mixing saidair with fuel in said chamber; and connections between said chamber andthe interior of said cylinders, substantially as described.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of means to liquefyair; jacketed engine cylinders; connections between said means and thejackets of said 0 linders; a chamber t in which said air may be mixedwith fuel; a jacket for the same provided with an exhaust escape E; aconnection u between said chamber and the interior of CASIMIK STANISIIASPIESTRAK.

In presence of H. C. Ooxn, I JUSTIN E. POLLAK.

